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FTP - File Transfer Protocol Explained
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol that is part of the TCP/IP suite. It is the standard for transferring large amounts of data from server to server and from servers to clients. There is a very good chance that you have downloaded files from FTP sites many times, though it may have seemed you were only downloading from a website. FTP allows you to transfer files over a variety of hosts with different operating systems and file systems. There are so many FTP servers on the Internet, some are private with secure logon names, other ones are public with anonymous logins. This paper will give a very brief outline of how the FTP Protocol functions and give the basic commands used during an FTP session. Keep in mind that these commands are generally automatic and are executed by either an FTP Client application, or done via your web browser. Though these methods are generally quicker than manually connecting to an FTP, it doesn't mean we should ignore the background behind how the technology works. The FTP Protocol uses two connections to transfer a file. Each of these connections is quite a bit different, but work in conjunction with each other. The first connection is the Control Connection, which as the name implies controls the connection in regards to initiating the data streams and executing the commands. The second type of connection is the Data Connection, this connection is the actual connection that passes the files back and forth between the client and server. Control Connection: Data Connection: PORT 24,82,116,92,4,150 That command should spawn a response of: 200 PORT Command Successful After the PORT command has been initiated and is successful the next command in the data connection will be issued from the control connection. As I mentioned before this is typically a LIST, RERT or STOR. I will outline the basic FTP commands below for reference. FTP Commands (Basic): Reply Codes: 125: Data Connection Open Start Transfer Client Applications: Summary of FTP: For even more information on the FTP, check out RFC 959. Ken Dennis
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